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The rocks in the area of the Gap Nickel mine are Precambrian. The Wissahickon formation, an albite-chlorite shist, forms a prominent ridge to the east. The nickel deposit is within a hornblende schist. Isotope similarities to the nickel deposits in Sudbury, Ontario has lead to speculation that a large meteor broke as it entered the atmosphere with a large piece landing in Ontario and a small piece landing in Pennsylvania.
The principle nickel mineral in the mine was millerite. Copper was present in chalcopyrite. The following additional minerals have been reported from the mine:
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